Media and climategate Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Media and climategate - Research Paper Example Climatic Research Unit (CRU) is an internationally renowned research institution for climate change and global warming. The research done at CRU is globally accepted and practiced, for instance, global temperature record and other data sets.CRU was the key contributor of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report in 2007.It was a   collaboration between World Meteorological Organization(WMO) and United Nations Environment Program and considered to be the most authoritative of the likes(CNN). According to Seymour, climategate proved to be the starting point of a series of leaks that shook scientists’ long held and advocated belief that â€Å"the science is settled†. However, despite the authoritative position of CRU and far reaching impact of the leaked information, news media networks played soft on the whole incident. They seemed unshaken by the unethical course of action taken by the scientists whose claims were promoted by these networks over the years and gradually shaped public opinion. Surprisingly, since November 20, 2009, less than 10 percent of the global warming and climate change related news stories pointed towards any of the climate related scandals. The most disturbing email communication was among CRU Director Phil Jones and Penn State Scientist Michael Mann. The later is internationally renowned for his hockey stick graph of global warming which was the main feature of IPCC’s report in 2001.In e-mail Jones informed Mann that he worked on a trick to make addition in real temperature record of last 20 years in order to hide the decline. Other e-mails encourage criminal act of destroying information rather than passing them on to Freedom of Information requests(Seymour).Daily Mail(UK) reported on January 28,2010 that Information Commissioner discovered that ERU scientists are violating FOI law, but he couldn’t take legal action because of the statute of limitation(qtd. in

How to Recruit and Retain Volunteers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How to Recruit and Retain Volunteers - Essay Example Others performed the duty due to court-mandated work as part of the sentence from a judge. Irrelevant of the motive non-profit organizations have to promote themselves adequately to attract volunteers and financial donations. I selected an online-articled entitled How to Recruit and Retain Volunteers for further analysis of the topic. The article stated that three ways to recruit employees is by using personal contacts, going where the people are, and by getting the word out (Genv, Youth Venture, 2007). I totally agree with the strategies chosen in the article. Word of mouth advertising is priceless and the costs of implementation are minimal or nonexistent depending on the situation. Non-profit organizations have to be proactive in their marketing and recruiting initiatives. It is wise idea to formulate seminars to be present at different locations such as churches, universities, and public parks. Personal contacts can be very valuable. The manager of the non-profit organization has to use his or her network of family, friends, associates, and colleagues to directly recruit these individuals to donate some of their time. The decision maker or manager of the non-profit organization must possess excellent communication and leadership skills. The organization must also recruit volunteers from the corporate sector. Many private organizations are willing to provide support in terms of capital or manpower when non-profit organization ask for the help and are able to negotiate a deal. The second important aspect of managing volunteers is being able to retain the personnel. A list of strategies and tactics that can be used to manage volunteers to keep them motivated and happy is listed below: People that are welcoming and nice create an environment that is pleasant for the volunteer which helps keep the volunteers interested. By making the work fun the volunteers enjoy their time which helps to keep them motivated. It is important

Free Essays - The Significance of Sleep in Macbeth :: Macbeth essays

The Significance of Sleep in Macbeth The sleepless are affected by fear that kills those whom are close to the victim of sleeplessness. In the book of "Macbeth" it expresses the theme of death and fear by associating the character with the key word "sleep" and all of its associations. In "Macbeth" by William Shakespeare, various words are used that can be associated to different meanings through the different characters. The book talks about a great warrior during the medieval period that overcomes his adversaries through brutal military tactics and deceit. Macbeth stole the throne of Scotland from the rightful Prince Malcolm, and threw the country into chaos through his evil reign. His own conscious eats away at him until he reveals that he had murdered people to get to his position after which he is killed in a battle for control of Scotland and his reign ends. Through the actions and behavior of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth and their associations with fear, the reader learns that even the strongest of people have fears. Sleep is a word that is thought to be associated with rest, and being tired. But, when used through Macbeth it tends to take a whole new meaning. Macbeth is one of those characters that are violent by nature. He cannot live unless he is causing harm or death, but his own conscious eats away at him until he finally snaps, "Were the graced person of our Banquo present; who may I rather challenge for unkindness than pity for mischance!" (3.4.51-54, Macbeth p.99). After having Banquo murdered, Macbeth sees his ghost sitting at the dinner table. Macbeth grows impatient and worried, which reveals that he had a hand in Banquo's murder. Through Macbeth's actions, his wife Lady Macbeth begins to go crazy, "Out, damned spot! Out, I say! One; two." (5.1.34, Lady Macbeth p.155). Lady Macbeth is plagued with the guilt of those who have been murderd by here husband. She also realizes that she has set up her husband to die. In terms of sleep Macbeth refers to sleep as death. Which is so mething he does not fear until he realizes that he is not invincible, "I will not yield, to kiss the ground before young Malcom`s feet and to be baited with the rabble`s curse.

Personality psychology Essay

Carl Gustav Jung was born on July 26, 1875 to a Swiss Pastor and his wife, in Kesswil, Switzerland. He was raised in Basel and attended school in Klein-Huningen. As a young boy Carl was fascinated by language, literature and archeology but was not really interested in school. He eventually enrolled and continued his education at the Humanistisches Gymnasium in Basel, and excelled at Latin. Because of his father’s faith, Jung developed a keen interest in religious history, but settled on the study of medicine at the University of Basel. He earned his medical degree in 1902 from the University of Zurich and went Paris to study psychology. Jung entered the field of psychiatry as an intern to Eugen Bleuler at the University of Zurich where he explored the unconscious mind and its related complexes. Jung was drafted into World War I and served as an army doctor for the British. In 1903, Jung married Emma Rauschenbach, with whom he had five children. Jung traveled throughout the world to teach and influence others with his psychoanalytical theories. He published many books relating to psychology, and others that seemed outside the realm science, including Flying Saucers: A Modern Myth of Things Seen in the Skies, which examined and dissected the psychological significance of UFO sightings. Jung’s work embodied his belief that each person has a life purpose that is based in their spiritual self. Through his eastern, western and mythological studies, Jung developed a theory of transformation which he called individuation. He explained individualism as being the personal development of one’s connection between the ego and self, which was based on Freud’s three part theory of personality. He further pursued and explored the idea of individuation in Psychology and Alchemy, a book in which he detailed the relationship of alchemies in the psychoanalytical process. Jung developed the idea of introversion and extroversion type of personality. He outlined the theory of the four fundamental psychological functions of thinking, feeling, sensation and intuition. His most difficult concept deals with archetypes which are inherited predispositions to respond to the world in a certain way. Jung’s relationship with Sigmund Freud began with his Studies in Word Association, a book that he published in 1906 and sent to Freud. In 1907 Jung met with Freud and their first discussions lasted 13 hours. In 1909 Jung opened his own practice and travelled to the United States with Freud. Their friendship lasted until 1913, at which time they parted ways due to a difference in academic opinion. Jung somewhat agreed with Freud’s theory of the unconscious, but believed further in the existence of a much deeper collective unconscious and representative archetypes. He disagreed with the idea that the unconscious is motivated by sexuality. This fundamental difference caused their friendship and professional opinions to be in conflict. Carl Jung is recognized as one of the most influential psychiatrists of all time. He founded Analytical Psychology and was among the first experts in his field to explore the religious nature behind human psychology. He developed the concept of the complex and identified the parallel roles of extraversion and introversion. He deepened the meaning of the unconscious by stating the existence of the collective unconscious and all of its archetypes. Additionally, the founders of Alcoholics Anonymous were in part inspired by Jung’s belief in an evangelic cure for alcoholism. His works, theories, and schools of thought are still widely discussed in universities and psychology curriculums around the world.

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Contrast Liability in Tort - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2082 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Compare and contrast essay Tags: Tort Essay Did you like this example? Contrast liability in tort with contractual liability Tort: A tort is a legal term which describes a civil wrong that can be redressed by awarding damages. The term describes violation where one person causes damage to other person. When there is a breach of duty of care done unintentionally, it causes tort of negligence. Accidents can be an example of Negligent Torts. When there is a breach of duty of care done intentionally to harm the other person it causes Intentional tort. Fraud, theft can be the example of Intentional tort. Sometimes called as absolute liability, it is the lawful responsibility for any damages or injury, even if the person found strictly liable was not at fault. It is called strict liability. The term tortuous liability is fixed by law. When a breach of duty is occurred tortuous liability arises. The wrongdoer who has done the damage is obliged to pay compensation whether it was intentional or not. Tortuous liability cannot be created by agreement. Some other types of liability that are common in a tort include: Joint Liability:This is where several tort feasors are held liable for a tort against one party.The tort feasors are said to be à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“jointly liableà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  for the harm.How much each tort feasor will be necessary to pay may depend on their individualdegree of liability, as well as the policy for that particular jurisdiction Vicarious Liability:This is where a superior is held liable for the actions of their subordinates.For Liability to/for Third Parties:Third party interactions can also affect tort liability.Sometimes a person VictimLiability: If the victim actually contributed to their injury, they may actually share liability wit h the tort feasor.This is often known as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“contributory negligence,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and may result in the damagesaward being reduced or completely barred. Strict Liability:Strict liability means that the tort feasor may be held liable for a abuse even if they did not intend to break a law.Examples of strict liability torts include transporting hazardous materialsin an off-limits zone or harboring dangerous wild animals. A Contractual liability is created when two or more people promise certain things to each other. Example: Shanta offers Simran to clean her house and in return she will pay him $10. Sam accepts the offer, and cleans her house. After cleaning the house Simran asks for his money and Shanta gives him $5 refuses to give anymore. So there is a breach of contract. Here they have an agreement so according to the agreement Sara has to pay $10. The differences between Liability in Tort and Contractual Liability are: Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Contrast Liability in Tort" essay for you Create order A contract is a legal binding agreement between two or more persons, A tort happens without consent. In tort the measure of damages is not limited and neither can it be indicated or assumed, in contract it can be somehow assumed how much damage has been caused. In tort the compensation of damage is fixed by the law, in contract compensation of damage will be decided according to the parties. Contractual liability means that a party to a contract has somehow breached the contract and when taken to court will be held liable for the contract or at least for the loss to the non breaching party as a result of the breach. Tort is a separate type of liability that has to do with civil wrongs and gives a cause of action for the injured party. A motive is often taken into consideration for a tort; in a breach of contract this is irrelevant matter. Explain the nature of liability on Negligence. There are two senses in which the law of torts deals with negligence. In its à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"ordinaryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ meaning, negligence simply refers to a careless conduct of the defendant as opposed to a willful conduct. However in tort law, the term negligence is used more commonly in its technical sense to mean the breach of duty by the defendant consisting of his or her failure to take reasonable care to avoid a reasonably foreseeable harm to other person. Elements of Negligence: Duty of care Breach of Duty Causation Duty of care: Duty of care is a requirement that a person acts with others, especially in public, surveillance, attention, caution and prudence with a show to be reasonable in all the circumstances. If a person does not meet this standard of care, he or she is considered negligent. The person must take reasonable care to avoid acts or omissions which he / she can reasonably foresee would be likely to injure another neighborhood. Here neighbor are referred as to those people who are closely affected by oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s deeds that he/she should have taken care to avoid harming. This is also known as neighborhood principle which was established through the case Donoghue vs Stevenson 1932. Breach of Duty: Breach of dutyin negligence liability may be found to exist where the defendant fails to meet the standard of care required by law.Once it has been established that the defendant owed the claimant a duty of care, the claimant must also demonstrate that the defendant was inbre ach of duty. The test ofbreach of dutyis generally objective;however, there may be slight variations to this. Vaughan v Menlove(1837) Causation: After establishing that there has been a violation of the duty, the claimant must prove that the defendants actions caused him/her injury. A defendant will not be liable in negligence if but for his act or omission he damage would not have occurred. R v White (1910) There are other factors describing the nature of negligence: Crime and tort à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Crime is a breach of duty imposed by law. Tort is also a breach of duty imposed by law. Unlike tort crime is considered as a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"communityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ wrong. However in a crime a person is not obliged to give compensation but they are punished. Criminal law is therefore more concerned with punishing the wrongdoer. And the law of tort is primarily concerned with the compensation that has to be paid by the wrongdoer. Contract and tort à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Contract law is concerned with the civil obligations. The law is completely concerned about the duties that one person has agreed to fulfill, for the benefit of other. The law of tort is also concerned about the breach of duties but those duties are enforced by the law itself and are not established by the agreement between parties. A breach of contract may also indicate tort but not every breach of contract is a tort. Criminal Negligence à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" It occurs when a crime happens unintentionally and the wrongdoer has no intentions of hurting the victim. Although criminal negligence is difficult to prove, a typical case may involve a person being prosecuted for negligent homicide after leaving a loaded firearm in plain view of a belligerent drunk upset with the neighbor. If the drunk kills the neighbor, the prosecutor could charge the person who left the gun with negligent homicide. Gross Negligence à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" In such cases the defendants actions are totally disrespectful towards the victim. Their actions show a complete disregard towards the safety of other people. Such behavior causes damage and injuries which can sometimes be very severe. Defense against Negligence à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" There are many laws for defense against civil negligence. The modern law states that the person who has neglected the breach of duty cannot file a case on the court. For example, if two people in a parking lot hit each other with their automobiles, and a judge finds that the first driver was 65 percent at fault, the first driver cannot sue the second driver, but the second driver could sue the first driver for 65 percent of total damages. Explain how a business can be vicariously liable Vicarious liability is where one person is held liable for the tort of another. This is usually where an employer is liable for the tortuous act an employee. The employer is not normally liable merely because an independent contractor commits a tort in the course of his employment. He is liable only if he himself is deemed to have committed a tort. Elements of Tort of Negligence and defenses in different business situations. A hypothetical business scenario: Anika Rahman owned an orphanage at Shavar. The owner of Tango beverages Company Mr. Enamul wanted to take the land on rent where Anika Rahman orphanage was situated. He offered Anika Rahman 60,000tk to put her land and orphanage on rent. Anika Rahman refused his offer and even after offering more money and facilities to Anika Rahman she also refused. So Mr. Enamul left in anger and warned her that she would have to pay and suffer for this refusal. After two months Ani ka Rahman went into Tango Beverages shop with her friend. While enjoying her juice she suddenly saw a dead bee floating in her juice. She immediately called for the manager and owner of the shop. When Mr. Enamul arrived and Anika Rahman remembered that he was the one who had offered her to buy her orphanage, she misunderstood him and thought it was his plan to cause damage to Anika Rahman, by providing her a faulty drink. She sued Mr. Enamul and Tango beverage Company and complained that Mr. Enamul wanted to kill her because she had not approved of giving him the land that he wanted. Elements of tort of Negligence in the scenario: Personal Security à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Mr. Enamul threatened Anika Rahman that she would have to suffer for the refusal of the offer. Though the threat was given by him in anger but this caused fear in Anika Rahman mind causing her to lose her freedom of thought. Threatening someone to agree for an offer without their consent is a crime. So, here unint entionally a tort has occurred. Interest in property à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Mr. Enamul wanted Anika Rahman property at any cost. He knew that if Anika Rahman left this place she would not have any other place to go. And after taking it on rent if he somehow would have damaged the property even if due to negligence the tort of negligence would occur. Fault and strict liability à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" The fault that Mr. Enamul had committed was that he threatened anika Rahman His second fault was that he was not careful enough to check the juices before they were served. This was a tort of negligence. As the juice company had offered to provide fresh juices. So Anika Rahman had enough proof to file a case against Mr. Enamul and his company. Reputation and Privacy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Due to this whole mess Mr. Enamul and his juice company lost their goodwill and good reputation. Firstly he was charged for providing faulty and stale juices which was unpleasant for their customers. Second ly their private official matters were spilled out in public and he was sued for threatening a lady and trying to harm her. Negligence took place as the juice company was careless enough to serve stale juices. Tort of Negligence took place. Elements of vicarious liability in business scenarios. According to the business scenario the elements of vicarious liability are: The juice company had promised to serve fresh juices but the decomposed cockroach proved that the juice was not fresh. So here they had a breach of duty and served faulty juice due to negligence. They employees at the juice store were strictly liable for this breach of duty. The employees showed one kind of gross negligence as if they were least cared about the customers and they were not even bothered much about how the consumption of this faulty drink could harm the customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s health. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å" After Anika Rahman sued Mr. Enamul for the attempt of murder they charges were prov ed wrong. Faulty drink was offered to her but they were unable to prove that it was served intentionally to harm Anika Rahman Her mistake was taken as a contributory negligence and she was imposed with some compensation as she had filed a false case of Attempt to murder against Mr .Enamul. So finally Mr. Jason was found vicariously liable for the faulty drink. But Enamul was not injured or hurt by this Act. So she was not paid any compensation. Reference Edwards Wells, L L W ,J S E P K W, 2012.Tort law. 5th ed. USA: Cengage learning. Small business. 2004.negligence. [ONLINE] Available at:https://smallbusiness.chron.com/negligence-liability-involve-37792.html. [Accessed 25 November 14]. Case Breifs. 2014. Vicarious Liability. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.casebriefs.com/blog/law/torts/outline-torts-law/imputed-negligence/vicarious-liability/. [Accessed 25 November 14]. Murphy, JM, 2007. Street on Tort. 12th ed. New York: Oxford Press.

Martin Luther King Jr. vs. Malcolm X - 1263 Words

* Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X are two people on different ends of the scales, with totally different up-bringings. * King was brought up by a rich black family,with a good education, and a good chance at life. He was a black aristocrat, and a wealthy man. * Malcolm X was brought up in the ghetto, and had to learn to defend himself against racist white children. He was deptived of his father, who was found dead, murdered by a white mob. His mother became mentally ill so he was sent to a foster home. * Martin Luther King Jr. was an activist during the Civil Rights Movement, who based his ideology on equality for both black people and white people. King wanted integration in society, and worked alongside such Civil†¦show more content†¦During his seven-year incarceration, Malcolm self-educated and converted to Islam. He joined the religious organization Nation of Islam, led by Elijah Muhammad. By the time he was paroled, Malcolm was a dedicated follower and had leg ally changed his surname from â€Å"Little† to â€Å"X,† because he considered â€Å"Little† a ‘slave’ name (â€Å"About Malcolm X†). The changing of his name marked the beginning of a new era. This era was the time when both X and King would begin to express their opinions on race and equality. Georgetown University’s Keith Miller asserts that Elijah Muhammad, the man to whom X was devoted, taught that the Caucasian society actively worked to keep African-Americans from gaining power and respect and achieving political, economic and social success (â€Å"Malcolm X†). These teachings, asserts Malcolm’s official website, combined with how haunted he was by his childhood explain how the message he preached came to be. Malcolm’s idea of true equality was rebellious, negative and angry. He embraced separatist philosophies and felt that non-violence and integration were tricks that white people promoted to keep blacks i n their place (â€Å"About Malcolm X†). Martin Luther King’s philosophies couldn’t have been more different, according to Long Island University’s Melvin Sylvester. He believed that through hard work, strong leadership and non-violence, blacks could achieve full equality with whites (â€Å"Tribute†). King urged all members of the blackShow MoreRelatedMartin Luther King Jr. vs. Malcolm X997 Words   |  4 PagesMartin Luther King Jr. vs. Malcolm X Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X both fought for the same goal, but had different ways of achieving this goal. They both fought against civil rights and were leaders in the civil rights movement. The way they were brought up is a good explanation for their differences; King was brought up in a wealthy family, while X was raised in the ghetto to a poor family. Both fought against unfair laws, Social Discrimination, and Racial segregation, but theyRead MoreMalcolm X vs. Martin Luther King Jr.1723 Words   |  7 Pagesthis momentous time in United States history. Speeches during this period served as a means to inspire and assemble a specific group of people, for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X it was the black community that needed to rise up in hopes of achieving equal rights and voting rights for the blacks. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X were two of the most prominent leaders and orators at the heart of the Civil Rights Movement. Although both leaders possessed the same objectives, theirRead MoreMalcolm X Vs. Martin Luther King Jr. Essay1717 Words   |  7 Pagesthis momentous time in United States history. Speeches during this period served as a means to inspire and assemble a specific group of people, for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X it was the black community that needed to rise up in hopes of achieving equal rights and voting rights for the blacks. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X were two of the most prominent leaders and orators at the heart of the Civil Rights Movement. Although both leaders possessed the same objectives, theirRead MoreEssay about Malcolm X vs Martin Luther King Jr1804 Words   |  8 Pagesopposed civil rights activists Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X. In the 1960’s the African American community became increasingly active in the struggle for civil rights. Although the concept race is an arbitrary societal construct based on the color of an individual’s skin and his or her geographic origin, it has had a profound impact not only on the founding and formation of our country but also the development modern American society. 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Martin used the teachings from Ghandi to teach African Americans how to use non violent resistance as a way to earn equality. He also believed that blacks should try to find commonRead MoreEssay Philosophies and Tactics of Dr. King and Malcolm X1492 Words   |  6 Pagesminorities. Among them, Martin Luther King and Malcolm X had an everlasting effect on the treatment of minorities in the United States. Although their philosophies and tactics differed greatly, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X helped shape the Civil Rights Movement and make the United States a better place for people regardless of their race. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X had different beliefs and goals for the Civil Rights Movement. While Martin Luther King Jr. took a more peacefulRead MoreMartin Luther King Vs Malcolm X1436 Words   |  6 PagesSelene Sandoval Professor Solheim History 108 CRN # 20244 16 October 2016 Martin Luther King VS Malcolm X Ronald Regan once said: â€Å"Freedom is never more than one generation away from extinction. We didn t pass it to our children in the bloodstream. It must be fought for, protected, and handed on for them to do the same.† In fact, American history has had a great deal of leaders that brought change by improving the lives of others. These leaders introduced new ideas, models, and theories toRead MoreCivil War Movement : Martin Luther King Jr Malcolm X1212 Words   |  5 Pages Research paper History 11.21 December 23, 2014 Civil War Movement: Martin Luther King Jr/ Malcolm X Many years after blacks had received citizenship and the right to vote there was still much bias against them. Because of their skin color African Americans hadn’t been treated fairly and did not have the same rights as whites. In theRead MoreA Research on The Civil Rights Movement1448 Words   |  6 PagesMovement (Martin Luther King Jr. Vs Malcolm X) and will be focusing on two important icons that have an important part of African American History. I am going to further discuss in this research paper, â€Å"What were the views of Martin Luther King. Jr and Malcolm X during the Civil Rights movement? What were their goals and methods to achieve equality and peace?† Both leaders wanted to unite the black race with the white race and achieve equal rights. Martin Luther King. Jr and Malcolm X were both very